What are the two components mentioned in the four basic steps of IPM?

The two components mentioned in the four basic steps of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are indeed preventive and remedial tactics. Preventive tactics focus on strategies to reduce the likelihood of pest infestations before they occur. This could include cultural practices such as crop rotation, maintaining healthy soil, and using pest-resistant plant varieties.

Remedial tactics come into play when pests have already been detected. These might involve the use of pesticides or other control methods to manage existing pest populations effectively. By incorporating both preventive and remedial tactics, IPM allows for a comprehensive approach to pest management, minimizing reliance on chemical controls and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

In the context of the other options, while assessment and observation, monitoring and management, and forecasting and planning are all important aspects of pest management, they do not collectively represent the two primary components of the basic steps of IPM. The focus is specifically on integrating prevention strategies with remedial actions to achieve effective pest management.