What is an aquifer?

An aquifer is defined as a geological formation that can store and transmit significant amounts of water, typically found in underground layers of rock or sediment that have the capacity to hold water. Aquifers are crucial for supplying drinking water and irrigation needs in many regions. They can be tapped into through wells, making them an essential component of the water supply infrastructure.

While impermeable soil layers, surface water sources, and irrigation systems play important roles in water management and agricultural practices, they do not accurately represent the characteristics or functions of an aquifer. Specifically, impermeable soil acts as a barrier that prevents water movement, surface water refers to lakes and rivers rather than underground sources, and irrigation systems are designed for applying water to crops, not storing it underground. Thus, the correct answer highlights the aquifer’s role as a water storage and transmission system.